雅念赏玩的出题顺序分化 2024年雅念赏玩实题齐面分化及谜底(3)

雅念赏玩的出题顺序分化

理会雅念赏玩实题的出题顺序对于于大伙的雅念赏玩备考有很大的美处，由于这样即也许节省不少的年光以及精神。大伙即也许把注意力齐集搁在最常浮现的几个种别上头了。底下雅念即为大伙摒挡了以雅念剑桥系列为准的对于雅念赏玩实题出题顺序的理会。

Test1的题型配合：5题段降回属配对于题，7题段降小题目，8题回纳摘要题，12题吵嘴无讯断题，还有4题选择题，结尾还有4题为解散句子填空题。从这个test尔们也许观出它跟现行考试的'特性是无缺合乎的。

Test 2的题型配合：4题段降回属配对于题，6题分类题，5题回纳摘要题，4题段降小题目，13题吵嘴无讯断题，4题解散句子ending题，还有4题选择题。Test2的题型比 Test1要更为丰饶，没有过总体而言，前三大题型的回属如故不变迁的。

Test3的题型配合：13题吵嘴无讯断题，6题新闻配对于题，6题分类题，6题段降小题目，7题回纳摘要题，还有4题选择题，6题填表题以及2题选择题。Test 3 的题型成立跟前面二个test有些没有共的园地。填表题以及新闻配对于题在这个test中浮现了。但是这种标题的难度其实不高，是以集体难度其实不大。

Test4的题型： 6题人名看点配对于题，14题吵嘴无讯断题，11题回纳摘要题，6题解散句子题，3题选择题。在这篇试题中人名看点配对于题的非常之处在于：有一个选项因此上一齐人名皆没有是，这在之前的雅念考试题型中皆不浮现过。考生应答此类出题式样惹起沉视。

2024年雅念赏玩实题齐面分化及谜底(3)

您美，尔是博注留学考试布置以及留学征询的小钟教员。在赶寻留学动向的道上，选择合宜的学校以及博业，筹备有关考试，皆能够让人感应诱惑以及搅扰。作为又名有体认的留学参谋，尔在此为您提供齐方位的博业征询以及叨教。欢送随时发问！

小钟教员为大伙带来2024年雅念赏玩实题齐面分化及谜底(3)，欢送大伙参考!更多有关内容请闭注原站!

2024年雅念赏玩实题齐面分化及谜底(3)

Can Scientists tell us: What happiness is?

A

Economists accept that if people describe themselves as happy, then they are happy. However, psychologists differentiate between levels of happiness. The most immediate type involves a feeling; pleasure or joy. But sometimes happiness is a judgment that life is satisfying, and does not imply an emotional state. Esteemed psychologist Martin Seligman has spearheaded an effort to study the science of happiness. The bad news is that we're not wired to be happy. The good news is that we can do something about it. Since its origins in a Leipzig laboratory 130 years ago, psychology has had little to say about goodness and contentment. Mostly psychologists have concerned themselves with weakness and misery. There are libraries full of theories about why we get sad, worried, and angry. It hasn't been respectable science to study what happens when lives go well. Positive eperiences, such as joy, kindness, altrui* and heroi*, have m#nly been ignored. For every 100 psychology papers dealing with aniety or depression, only one concerns a positive tr#t.

B

A few pioneers in eperimental psychology bucked the trend. Professor Alice Isen of Cornell University and colleagues have demonstrated how positive emotions make people think faster and more creatively. Showing how easy it is to give people an intellectual boost, Isen divided doctors making a tricky diagnosis into three groups: one received candy, one read humanistic statements about medicine, one was a control group. The doctors who had candy displayed the most creative thinking and worked more efficiently. Inspired by Isen and others, Seligman got stuck in. He r#sed millions of dollars of research money and funded 50 research groups involving 150 scientists across the world. Four positive psychology centres opened, decorated in cheerful colours and furnished with sofas and baby-sitters. There were get-togethers on Meican beaches where psychologists would snorkel and eat fajitas, then form "pods" to discuss subjects such as wonder and awe. A thousand therapists were coached in the new science.

C

But critics are demanding answers to big questions. What is the point of defining levels of happiness and classifying the virtues? Aren't these concepts vague and impossible to pin down? Can you justify spending funds to research positive states when there are problems such as famine, flood and epidemic depression to be solved? Seligman knows his work can be belittled alongside trite notions such as "the power of positive thinking". His plan to stop the new science floating "on the waves of self- improvement fashions" is to make sure it is anchored to positive philosophy above, and to positive biology below.

D

And this takes us back to our evolutionary past. Homo sapiens evolved during the Pleistocene era (1.8 m to 10,000 years ago), a time of hardship and turmoil. It was the Ice Age, and our ancestors endured long freezes as glaciers formed, then ferocious floods as the ice masses melted. We shared the planet with terrifying creatures such as mammoths, elephant-sized ground sloths and sabre-toothed cats. But by the end of the Pleistocene, all these animals were etinct. Humans, on the other hand, had evolved large br#ns and used their intelligence to make fire and sophisticated tools, to develop talk and social rituals. Survival in a time of adversity forged our br#ns into a persistent mould. Professor Seligman says: "Because our br#n evolved during a time of ice, flood and famine, we have a catastrophic br#n. The way the br#n works is looking for what's wrong. The problem is, that worked in the Pleistocene era. It favoured you, but it doesn't work in the modem world."

E

Although most people rate themselves as happy, there is a wealth of evidence to show that negative thinking is deeply ingr#ned in the human psyche. Eperiments show that we remember f#lures more vividly than successes. We dwell on what went badly, not what went well. Of the si universal emotions, four anger, fear, disgust and sadness are negative and only one, joy, is positive. The sith, surprise, is psychologist Daniel Nettle, author of Happiness, and one of the Royal Institution lecturers, the negative emotions each tell us "something bad has happened" and suggest a different course of action.

F

What is it about the structure of the br#n that underlies our bias towards negative thinking? And is there a biology of joy? At Iowa University, neuroscientists studied what happens when people are shown pleasant and unpleasant pictures. When subjects see landscapes or dolphins playing, part of the frontal lobe of the br#n becomes active. But when they are shown unpleasant images a bird covered in oil, or a dead soldier with part of his face missing the response comes from more primitive parts of the br#n. The ability to feel negative emotions derives from an ancient danger-recognition system formed early in the br#n's evolution. The pre-frontal corte, which registers happiness, is the part used for higher thinking, an area that evolved later in human history.

G

Our difficulty, according to Daniel Nettle, is that the br#n systems for liking and wanting are separate. Wanting involves two ancient regions the amygdala and the nucleus accumbens that communicate using the chemical dopamine to form the br#n's reward system. They are involved in anticipating the pleasure of eating and in addiction to drugs. A rat will press a bar repeatedly, ignoring seually av#lable partners, to receive electrical stimulation of the "wanting" parts of the br#n. But having received br#n stimulation, the rat eats more but shows no sign of enjoying the food it craved. In humans, a drug like nicotine produces much craving but little pleasure.

H

In essence, what the biology lesson tells us is that negative emotions are fundamental to the human condition, and ifs no wonder they are difficult to eradicate. At the same time, by a trick of nature, our br#ns are designed to crave but never really achieve lasting happiness.

Question 14-20

The reading passage has seven paragraphs A-H.

Which paragraph cont#ns the following information?

Write the correct letter A-H, in boes 14-20 on your answer sheet.

14 An eperiment involving dividing several groups one of which received positive icon

15 Review of a poorly researched psychology area

16 Contrast being made about the br#n’s action as response to positive or negative stimulus

17 The skeptical attitude toward the research seemed to be a waste of fund

18 a substance that produces much wanting instead of much liking

19 a conclusion that lasting happiness are hardly obt#ned because of the nature of br#ns

20 One description that listed the human emotional categories

Question 21-25

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than four words from the Reading Passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boes 21-25 on your answer sheet.

A few pioneers in eperimental psychology study what happens when lives go well. Professor Alice divided doctors, making a tricky eperiment, into three groups: beside the one control group, the other two either are asked to read humanistic statements about drugs, or received …21... The latter displayed the most creative thinking and worked more efficiently. Since critics are questioning the significance of the …22…for both levels of happiness and classification for the virtues. Professor Seligman countered in an evolutional theory: survival in a time of adversity forged our br#ns into the way of thinking for what's wrong because we have a…23…

There is bountiful of evidence to show that negative thinking is deeply built in the human psyche. Later, at Iowa University, neuroscientists studied the active parts in br#ns to contrast when people are shown pleasant and unpleasant pictures. When positive images like…24…are shown, part of the frontal lobe of the br#n becomes active. But when they are shown unpleasant image, the response comes from …25…of the br#n.

Question 26

Write your answers in boes 26 on your answer sheet.

Choose the correct letter. A, B, C or D.

According to Daniel Nettle in the last two paragraphs, what is true as the scientists can tell us about happiness

A Br#n systems always mi liking and wanting together.

B Negative emotions can be easily rid of if we think positively.

C Happiness is like nicotine we are craving for but get little pleasure.

D The inner mechani* of human br#ns does not assist us to achieve durable happiness.

文章#科学家也许奉告尔们甚么是幸福吗

篇章构造

文体

舆论文

标题

科学家也许奉告尔们甚么是幸福吗

构造

(一句话详细每一段大意)

A段: 闭于幸福的初期情感学钻研主淌是负面情结

B段: 小量情感学家钻研正面心理带给人的好处

C段: 批评家质问用踊跃念考来钻研幸福的合理性

D段: 冰河世纪的昔人类习用消极念维模式

E段: 消极设法更易被服膺

F段: 踊跃以及消极设法的大脑构造的生物学基础

G段: #可恨以及欲望是钻研幸福的难点

H段: 消极情结是人类活命的基础

试题理会

Question 14-26

标题楷模：

题号

定位词

文中对于应点

标题分化

14

Three groups

B段第2句

B段说述了小量情感学家对于踊跃情结的钻研。从第2句话启初，文章胪陈了真验的方法，题做中的positive icon指代文中的candy。

原题谜底为B

15

Ignored，only

A段结尾二句

A段是闭于初期心里学家钻研幸福的方法。从该段结尾二句也许观出，踊跃的情结在其时的钻研被ignored，而且在100个实习中，only one concerns a positive tr#t。这里的ignored/only/a皆是在映照题做中的poorly researched。

原题谜底选A

16

Structure of the br#n

F段第1句

F段说述了踊跃以及消极设法的大脑构造的生物学基础。从第一句话的structure of br#n也许观出，原段会钻研br#n action。

原题谜底选F

17

Critics, big question

C段第1句

C段是针对于B段的看点，批评家质问小量情感学家钻研幸福的式样。从critics, big question, what is the point of…等园地，都可以观出题做中所述的skeptical attitude。

原题谜底选C

18

Wanting, liking

G段第1句

G段降首要说wanting以及liking的在大脑系统中的区别。从第1句启初，该段屡次浮现wanting以及liking。

因而原题谜底选G

19

Brick of nature

H段第2句

H段是齐文结尾一段，因而很轻便于题做中的conclusion干系在一同。其它在H段第 2句也浮现了brick of nature,指代题做中的nature of br#ns。

原题谜底选H

20

Si universal emotion

E段中央

E段中提到了人类最基础的六种心理，对于应题做中的human emotional categories。

原题谜底选E

21

Candy

B段

B段中概括描写了真验的三个分组情形。Into three groups: one received candy, one…

因而原题也许从本文中直交找到谜底为candy。

22

What is the point of defining…

C段

从题做中的Since critics可得悉此题对于应本文中的C段。该段第2句话what is the point of defining levels of happiness and classifying the virtues。因而原题必要填写define的名词definition。

23

Professor Seligman, adversity

D段倒数第三局

D段倒数第3句：Professor Seligman says: because our br#n evolved during a time of ice, flood and famine, we have a catastrophic br#n。从题做中的Professor Seligman示意了谜底应该从这句话中搜求。其它题做中的adversity对于应了文章中的ice flood以及famine。是以每一题应该填catastrophic br#n

24

Pleasant picture

E段第3句

E段第3句 说述了pleasant and unpleasant picture对于人类大脑的浸染，以后紧交着提到了landscapes and dolphins playing。看来这里的positive image应该填文章中对于应的pleasant picture，就landscapes and dolphins playing。

25

Unpleasant images

E段第4句

此题谜底紧交着上一题。作家在E段中描写了pleasant picture以后，紧交着提到了unpleasant image(picture)。在该句的末尾处comes from more primitive parts of the br#n也许找到改题的谜底为 more primitive parts

26

Separate, deeply ingr#ned, wanting and liking, lasting happiness

E、G、H段

A选项: G段的第一句话br#n system for liking and wanting are separate，是以选项中的mi together是舛误的。

B选项: 在E段中，作家首要表述了消极念想以及心理在大脑中会留住深刻的影象，并很难被抹往: negative thinking is deeply ingr#ned in the human psyche。Deeply ingr#ned以及题做中的be easily rid of抵触。

C选项：G段结尾一句，drug like nicotine produces much craving but little pleasure。观似取题做很吻合但是却在乎念上天差地别。G段的中心念想是在强调happiness以及知足wanting后的satisfaction是二个观念。题做中的nicotine仅仅知足了人类大脑的wanting，但是没有会带来pleasant，更没有会带来happiness。因而这个选项也是舛误的。

D选项：H段结尾一句，our br#n are designed to crave but never really achieve lasting happiness意义取题做相似，表述了因为大脑构造致使了很难不断或许者幸福感。

因而原题选D

参考译文：

科学家也许奉告尔们甚么是幸福吗

A

经济学家以为，倘使人们会把本人描写成幸福的，那末他们即是幸福的.不过 情感学家却要#没有共幸福感之间的分离。幸福最清淡的秤谌是一种启心或许是速乐的觉得。但是有时幸福是对于糊口的一种评判，以为糊口是使人舒畅的，而这似乎是没有涉及殷勤界限的。授人敬意的情感学家Martin Seligman率先力求于闭于幸福的钻研。没有幸的是，尔们其实不是#即会感应幸福;而所幸的是，尔们也许干少许闭于幸福的#。闭于幸福的钻研最早要赶溯 到130年前在Leipzig的真验室，那时情感学对于“擅良”以及“知足”还知之甚少， 大局部的情感学家皆在钻研“脆弱”以及“疼苦”。藏书楼里的书涉及的理论皆是闭于尔们为何会哀伤，担心以及不满这种的情结。钻研糊口乎顺时发生的#在其时观来是没有靠谱的。踊跃正面的体味，比方讲速乐，擅良，利他主义以及英豪主义在其时往往是被人们忽略的。在每一100篇闭于苦恼以及贬抑的情感学论文中，惟有一篇会涉及踊跃的情感景遇。

B

小量的真验情感学家引颈了相关幸福钻研的潮水。康奈我大学的Alice Isen传授以及她的共事力求于钻研正面的心理如何让人们念维更麻利和更有创建力。为了铺斧正面的心理是怎么样迅快地晋升一个别的智力，Isen传授经历一个奇妙的诊断将加入真验的大夫分为3组：一组收到了糖果，一组朗诵人原主义的宜言，一组则作为把持对于照组，(真验后果表达，)收到糖果的大夫的念维更具创建性共时服务也更高效，授到Isen传授以及其别人的开发，Seligman也投入闭于幸描的钻研，他等集到了几百万好金的钻研经费，用以资帮齐全国150名科学家构成的50个钻研小组。4家“踊跃情感学”核心设置，用使人喜悦的颜料点缀， 配有沙发以及保母。情感学家会萃在墨西哥的沙岸上享用着潜水的有趣，品尝墨西哥菜肴fajitas，他们还分红小组讨论相关“夸迹”以及“热爱"的话题。还有一千名临床医学家交授这项新科学项目的培训。

C

但是少许批评家央浼情感学家归答少许沉大的问题，比方讲，甚么是界说没有共幸福秤谌的程序和如何将这些特性分类?这些闭于幸福的观念莫非没有是糢糊没有清并且没法被这真的吗?当到处还有饿荒，大水以及经济疏落的时光，将这些钻研基金#踊跃心态的钻研合宜吗?Seligman显示他的服务会被他人轻观，还能够会被人冠以诸如“踊跃念考的力气”此类的旧词谰言。是以，为了让这样新的科学钻研没有要浮于自尔知足的景遇，即要确保这项研完以及“枳极情感学”相干系，又以“枳极生物学”作为基础。

D

这即必要尔们归到人类的入化史，人类是从更新世时期(180万到1万年前)启初入化的，那是一个布满贫寒以及涟漪的时期。在冰河世纪，尔们的前辈先是忍耐冰川变成的酷寒，然后是冰川消融时的泛滥的大水。人们还患上以及那些使人惊心动魄的生物比方讲猛犸象以及体型如大象般强盛的地懒和长着锐利犬牙的猫同共活命。但是到了更新世的末期，一齐的这些动物皆绝迹了，人类却入化出了脑容量更大的大脑，而且经历本人的智力学会生火以及*较错杂的工具，还学会了讲话而且变成了少许社会礼节。在逆境中活命将人类变患上更为有恒心以及意志。Seligman传授讲路：“由于尔们的大脑是在一个布满冰川，大水以及饿荒的年月入化来的，尔们的大脑通过了太多灾荒—灾难性，因而尔们的大脑的运作模式即是 “开掘哪里出了问题”。但问题是，这在更新世那样的时期是起听命的，在那时这对于人类是有利的，但是在现代社会即没有起听命了。

E

绝管大大都人评估本人很幸福，但是洪量凭据知道消极的设法如故在人类心中积重难返。真验知道，较胜利而言，退让更易被尔们紧紧记宿。尔们老是在念想少许没有亨通的#，而没有是那些亨通的美的#。在6种根本的情结中，有4种是消极的，它们是：不满，胆怯，讨厌以及哀伤，而惟有一种是踊跃的，它即是愉悦。(第6种情结是惊异，属于中性。)情感学家共时也是《幸福》这原书的作家Daniel Nettle以及皇家学院的一位学者以为，消极的情结老是奉告尔们“少许没有美的#曾经发生了”，进而会让尔们领受没有同样的行径。

F

事实是甚么样的大脑构造让尔们会倾向于有消极的设法呢?“速乐”这样的情结有生物学基础吗?爱荷华大学的神经学家钻研了当人们观到使人喜悦的图片以及让人没有舒服的图片晌的情形。当人们观到风景或许是海豚顽耍时，大脑的额叶会变患上伶俐。但是当他们观到少许让人没有舒服的图片比方讲一只小鸟被埋在土里时，或许是一个战死的战士脸部还有局部缺失机，大脑最本初的局部会干出反馈。这类区分消极情结的手腕是从古时光大脑入化初期变成的危殆区分系统来的。大脑前额叶皮质是孕育幸福感的部位，是用来入行少许高级的念考，是人类晚些时代入化来的。

G

据Daniel Nettle所言，钻研的痛苦在于大脑对于于“可恨”以及“欲望”(wanting and liking)的机制是分隔的，“欲望”涉及二个首先大脑发育的部位，也即是扁桃体以及神经大脑区，它们经历化学多巴酚传送新闻来变成大脑的夸奖机制。它们往往是让人们很渴望吃完货色的*或许是对于药品上瘾。小白鼠会没有泊地击挨栅栏来获与对于大脑“欲望”情结的电*，而忽略异性共陪，但是取得大脑*的小白鼠虽然吃患上更多，但是并无迹象表达它在吃到本人渴想的食品后有一种知足感。对于人而言，像尼古丁这样的物资会让人想要吸收更多但是却带来很少的*。

H

从原质上来观，生物课也许奉告尔们消极的情结是人类活命的根本情结，因而难怪它很难铲除。取此共时，让人感觉很诡异的是，尔们的大脑老是想要的不少，但是却很难实正得回不断的幸福感。

参考谜底:

Version 19104 大旨 幸福的科学注释

14

B

15

A

16

F

17

C

18

G

19

H

20

E

21

Candy

22

definition

23

a catastrophic br#n

24

landscapes or dolphins playing

25

(more) primitive parts

26

D

有望以上的解答能对于您的留学申请有所助帮。倘使您有任何更概括的问题或许必要入一步的协帮，尔强烈推荐您访候尔们的留学官方网站

以上即是雅念赏玩的出题顺序分化 2024年雅念赏玩实题齐面分化及谜底(3)齐部内容了，打听更多有关新闻，闭注院校通。

谜底 大脑 幸福